Uterine cancer is a significant health concern for women, especially those over 50. Early detection and awareness can make a major difference in outcomes. According to Vincent Wagner, MD, a gynecologic oncologist at University of Iowa Health Care, uterine cancer is a term that refers to cancers that begin in the uterus, the organ where a baby grows during pregnancy. The two main types are endometrial cancer, which starts in the lining of the uterus, and uterine sarcoma, which forms in the muscles of the uterus and is much rarer.
What Causes Uterine Cancer?
Uterine cancer is most often linked to hormonal imbalances, particularly when estrogen levels are high and progesterone levels are low. Obesity, diabetes, and certain genetic conditions can increase risk, as can never having been pregnant or having a family history of uterine or colorectal cancer. The rise in uterine cancer rates over recent years is partly due to increasing obesity and an aging population.
The Two Types of Uterine Cancer
Endometrial cancer: This is the most common type, starting in the lining of the uterus (the endometrium). It typically affects women after menopause and is often detected early due to noticeable symptoms like abnormal bleeding.
Uterine sarcoma: This rarer form develops in the muscle layer of the uterus (myometrium). It tends to be more aggressive and may not show symptoms until later stages.
Understanding these distinctions helps clarify diagnosis and treatment options for women concerned about uterine health.
5 Common Uterine Cancer Symptoms to Watch For
- Unusual vaginal bleeding, especially after menopause, is the most common warning sign.
- Abnormal discharge that may be watery, bloody, or foul-smelling.
- Pelvic pain or pressure, often mistaken for normal aging or other gynecological issues.
- Pain during intercourse.
- Frequent urination or difficulty emptying the bladder.
These symptoms are sometimes overlooked or dismissed as normal changes after 50, but persistent or worsening signs should prompt a medical evaluation.
4 Uterine Cancer Symptoms You Shouldn’t Ignore
- Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding after menopause.
- Sudden weight loss without explanation.
- Persistent abdominal swelling or bloating.
- Chronic fatigue or weakness, especially when paired with other symptoms.
These symptoms can indicate more advanced disease and require urgent attention.
4 Ways to Lower Your Uterine Cancer Risk
- Maintain a healthy weight: Excess body fat produces estrogen, which can fuel uterine cancer.
- Stay physically active: Regular exercise helps regulate hormones and supports a healthy weight.
- Use hormonal birth control: Birth control pills containing both estrogen and progesterone may offer protection, especially for women at higher risk.
- Eat a balanced diet: The Mediterranean diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, legumes, and healthy fats, is associated with lower uterine cancer risk.
When to See Your Doctor
If you experience any unusual vaginal bleeding, persistent pelvic pain, or unexplained changes in your health after age 50, schedule an appointment with your doctor right away. Early diagnosis greatly improves treatment outcomes and survival rates. Regular check-ups and open communication with your healthcare provider are essential for staying ahead of potential risks.
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